{"id":97,"date":"2023-09-25T21:56:07","date_gmt":"2023-09-25T19:56:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prozvane.cz\/?p=97"},"modified":"2025-04-29T07:57:56","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T05:57:56","slug":"jan-zhorelecky-nejschopnejsi-syn-karla-iv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.prozvane.cz\/index.php\/jan-zhorelecky-nejschopnejsi-syn-karla-iv\/","title":{"rendered":"Jan Zho\u0159eleck\u00fd – nejschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syn Karla IV.?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nejprve se vra\u0165me k otci tohoto v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9ho mu\u017ee, kr\u00e1li a c\u00edsa\u0159i Karlu IV. Jestli si n\u011bco v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed z d\u011bjepisu pamatuje, tak to, \u017ee c\u00edsa\u0159 Karel m\u011bl \u010dty\u0159i man\u017eelky. U\u017e h\u016f\u0159 daj\u00ed dohromady jm\u00e9na potomk\u016f z t\u011bchto man\u017eelstv\u00ed narozen\u00fdch. Z\u0159ejm\u011b i d\u00edky V\u00e1vrov\u011b husitsk\u00e9 filmov\u00e9 trilogii si vzpomenete na V\u00e1clava IV.<\/a> a Zikmunda „Li\u0161ku ry\u0161avou“<\/a>. Ponechme stranou \u0161ablonovit\u00e9 a dost nespravedliv\u00e9 ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed obou t\u011bchto panovn\u00edk\u016f (to by bylo na del\u0161\u00ed pov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed), ale vra\u0165me se k jejich otci a jeho chot\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00ed man\u017eelkou tehdy je\u0161t\u011b kralevice Karla byla francouzsk\u00e1 princezna Blanka z Valois, kter\u00e1 man\u017eelovi dala dv\u011b dcery, Mark\u00e9tu Lucemburskou a Kate\u0159inu Lucemburskou. V \u010cech\u00e1ch obl\u00edben\u00e1 princezna a posl\u00e9ze kr\u00e1lovna Blanka um\u00edr\u00e1 v roce 1438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kr\u00e1l Karel si v roce 1349 bere dvacetiletou Annu Falckou z rodu Wittelsbach\u016f. Anna v roce 1350 porod\u00ed man\u017eelovi prvn\u00edho syna, V\u00e1clava, kter\u00fd ov\u0161em ji\u017e v roce 1351 um\u00edr\u00e1. Dal\u0161\u00ed d\u011bti kr\u00e1lovna Anna nem\u011bla a um\u00edr\u00e1 v roce 1353 ve v\u011bku 23 let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tent\u00fd\u017e rok si Karel bere za man\u017eelku Annu Sv\u00eddnickou. Karel se do sv\u00e9 mladink\u00e9, o dvacet t\u0159i roky mlad\u0161\u00ed nev\u011bsty zamiloval, jak dosv\u011bd\u010duj\u00ed mnoh\u00e9 dobov\u00e9 prameny. Z tohoto svazku vze\u0161li Al\u017eb\u011bta Lucembursk\u00e1 a V\u00e1clav IV. Mladi\u010dk\u00e1 Anna um\u00edr\u00e1 roku 1362 p\u0159i porodu i s bezejmenn\u00fdm synem ve v\u011bku 23 let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ji\u017e o rok pozd\u011bji, v roce 1363, si c\u00edsa\u0159 Karel bere Al\u017eb\u011btu Pomo\u0159anskou (zvanou t\u00e9\u017e Eli\u0161ku Pomo\u0159anskou, tu zn\u00e1te z filmu Noc na Karl\u0161tejn\u011b<\/a>). Al\u017eb\u011bt\u011b bylo v dob\u011b s\u0148atku 16 a Karlovi 47 let. Z tohoto svazku poch\u00e1zej\u00ed t\u0159i potomci, Anna Lucembursk\u00e1, Zikmund Lucembursk\u00fd a Jan Zho\u0159eleck\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010d tento dlouh\u00fd \u00favod? Pro orientaci v rodin\u011b hlavn\u00ed postavy tohoto textu a pochopen\u00ed komplikovanosti vztah\u016f mezi t\u0159emi bratry – V\u00e1clavem (nar. 1363), Zikmundem (nar. 1368) a Janem (nar. 1370).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jan Zho\u0159eleck\u00fd byl postupn\u011b braniborsk\u00fd markrab\u011b (1373), v\u00e9voda zho\u0159eleck\u00fd (1376) a p\u00e1n Nov\u00e9 marky (1378).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Erb Jana Zho\u0159eleck\u00e9ho<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zikmund Lucembursk\u00fd byl uhersk\u00fd kr\u00e1l (od 31. b\u0159ezna 1387), \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l (zvolen roku 1410 a znovu 21. \u010dervence 1411, korunov\u00e1n 8. listopadu 1414), slezsk\u00fd v\u00e9voda a lu\u017eick\u00fd markrab\u011b (od 1419), moravsk\u00fd markrab\u011b (1419\u20131423), \u010desk\u00fd kr\u00e1l (korunov\u00e1n 28. \u010dervence 1420, vl\u00e1dl v letech 1436\u20131437), lombardsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l (od 1431) a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 (od 1433).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e1clav IV. byl \u010desk\u00fd kr\u00e1l (1378\u20131419) a \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fd kr\u00e1l (1376\u20131400).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V letech 1394-95 propuklo povst\u00e1n\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161lechty proti V\u00e1clavu IV. 8. kv\u011btna 1394 byl kr\u00e1l V\u00e1clav IV. na cest\u011b z hradu \u017debr\u00e1k do Prahy zajat odd\u00edlem pansk\u00e9 jednoty. Kr\u00e1l byl postupn\u011b internov\u00e1n na Pra\u017esk\u00e9m hrad\u011b, P\u0159\u00edb\u011bnic\u00edch a Krumlov\u011b a nakonec na hrad\u011b Wildberg v Horn\u00edch Rakous\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve spiknut\u00ed se anga\u017eoval dal\u0161\u00ed Lucemurk, moravsk\u00fd markab\u011b Jo\u0161t. Ten nab\u00eddl Janu Zho\u0159eleck\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dast na cel\u00e9 akci. A zde p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b zv\u00edt\u011bzila loajalita k nevlastn\u00edmu bratru a z\u0159ejm\u011b i smysl pro spravedlnost a \u0159\u00e1d. Jan nejen\u017ee nab\u00eddky p\u0159ipojit se ke spiknut\u00ed odm\u00edtl, ale zformoval vojsko, obsadil Kutnou Horu, odkud p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fdm v\u00fdpadem bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho odporu obsadil Prahu, kde jmenoval nov\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho podkomo\u0159\u00edho a dosadil nov\u00e9 kon\u0161ely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jan Zho\u0159eleck\u00fd se pot\u00e9 s pomoc\u00ed pomo\u0159ansk\u00e9ho v\u00e9vody Svantibora vydal na vojensk\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed proti pansk\u00e9 jednot\u011b do ji\u017en\u00edch \u010cech. P\u0159esto\u017ee m\u011bl v\u00fdraznou vojenskou p\u0159evahu, nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vojska potravinami donutilo Jana vyjednat s panskou jednotou propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kr\u00e1le V\u00e1clava IV. za nev\u00fdhodn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Pansk\u00e1 jednota po\u017eadovala vyd\u00e1n\u00ed K\u0159ivokl\u00e1tu, Karl\u0161tejna, \u017debr\u00e1ku a Zv\u00edkova a tak\u00e9 st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00fdch dol\u016f v Kutn\u00e9 Ho\u0159e. Dokud tato m\u00edsta nebyla pln\u011b v moci pansk\u00e9 jednoty, musel Jan Zho\u0159eleck\u00fd b\u00fdt rukojm\u00edm jednoty. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paradoxn\u011b po sv\u00e9m propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kr\u00e1l V\u00e1clav za\u010dal naslouchat t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed ho p\u0159edt\u00edm v\u011bznili a kte\u0159\u00ed nyn\u00ed kr\u00e1li na\u0161ept\u00e1vali, \u017ee Jan proti n\u011bmi pleticha\u0159\u00ed a \u017ee zm\u011bny (zejm\u00e9na person\u00e1ln\u00ed), kter\u00e9 u\u010dinil, vlastn\u011b kr\u00e1li \u0161kod\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nevd\u011bk bratra V\u00e1clava, kter\u00fd se odm\u00edtl pod\u00edlet na vyplacen\u00ed vojska, kter\u00e9 Jan shrom\u00e1\u017edil na kr\u00e1lovo osvobozen\u00edm, a dal\u0161\u00ed projevy nemilosti vedly Jana k odklonu od kr\u00e1le. V lednu 1396 od\u0148al Janovi kr\u00e1l \u00fa\u0159ad zemsk\u00e9ho hejtmana (de facto vrchn\u00edho velitele v\u0161ech vojensk\u00fdch slo\u017eek kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zadlu\u017een\u00fd Jan opou\u0161t\u00ed Prahu, kde jeho odjezd vzbud\u00ed nevoli lidu, kter\u00fd si zvykl, \u017ee op\u011bt vl\u00e1dl po\u0159\u00e1dek a z\u00e1kon, a uch\u00fdl\u00ed se do kl\u00e1\u0161tera Neuzelle na hranic\u00edch Doln\u00ed Lu\u017eice a Braniborska, kde 29. \u00fanora 1396 ul\u00e9h\u00e1 zcela zdr\u00e1v ke sp\u00e1nku, aby r\u00e1no, 1.3.1396, ve v\u011bku pouh\u00fdch 25 let byl nalezel mrtv\u00fd. Podez\u0159en\u00ed na otravu nebylo nikdy ani potvrzeno, ani vyvr\u00e1ceno. Podez\u0159el\u00fdch a mo\u017en\u00fdch pachatel\u016f bylo mnoho, v\u010detn\u011b vlastn\u00edho bratra Zikmunda, nevlastn\u00edho bratra V\u00e1clava a dal\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd mu\u017e m\u011bl ale i nav\u00fdsost lidskou tv\u00e1\u0159, kdy soudob\u00ed kronik\u00e1\u0159i popsali jeho p\u0159\u00edchylnost k n\u011b\u017en\u00e9mu pohlav\u00ed, kter\u00e1 budila rozruch a pohor\u0161en\u00ed. Zho\u0159eleck\u00fd kronik\u00e1\u0159 Frauenberg hodnotil Jana jako mu\u017ee zka\u017een\u00fdch mrav\u016f, kter\u00fd hanobil panny i vdan\u00e9 \u017eeny. Pro jeho chl\u00edpnost jej Zho\u0159ele\u010dt\u00ed zapudili a \u201e[\u2026] cum urbe excederet, posteriora denudaverit\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V d\u00edle hornolu\u017eick\u00e9ho \u0161lechtice Augusta Adolpha Haugwitze (\u2020 1706) je tento v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd Lucemburk pops\u00e1n podobn\u011b: „Ov\u0161em Jan byl mu\u017e bezuzdn\u00fdch choutek a nesnesiteln\u00e9 p\u00fdchy, hanobil panny a pan\u00ed a p\u00e1chal spoustu dal\u0161\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nejsou hodny kn\u00ed\u017eete.“<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jan Zho\u0159eleck\u00fd bylo dokonce zva\u017eovan\u00fd n\u00e1stupce V\u00e1clava IV. na \u010desk\u00e9m tr\u016fn\u011b. V jeden okam\u017eik byl ochoten i Zikmund p\u0159enechat svoje pr\u00e1vo star\u0161\u00edho na \u010desk\u00fd tr\u016fn mlad\u0161\u00edmu Janovi. Historie nezn\u00e1 kdyby, ale nechyb\u011blo mnoho a na \u010desk\u00fd tr\u016fn usedl z\u0159ejm\u011b nejschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ze syn\u016f Otce vlasti a d\u011bjiny se mohly ub\u00edrat jin\u00fdmi cestami, ne\u017e jak je zn\u00e1me z u\u010debnic d\u011bjepisu. Historie ov\u0161em nezn\u00e1 kdyby…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nejprve se vra\u0165me k otci tohoto v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9ho mu\u017ee, kr\u00e1li a c\u00edsa\u0159i Karlu IV. Jestli si n\u011bco v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed z d\u011bjepisu pamatuje, tak to, \u017ee c\u00edsa\u0159 Karel m\u011bl \u010dty\u0159i man\u017eelky. U\u017e h\u016f\u0159 daj\u00ed dohromady jm\u00e9na potomk\u016f z t\u011bchto man\u017eelstv\u00ed narozen\u00fdch. Z\u0159ejm\u011b i d\u00edky V\u00e1vrov\u011b husitsk\u00e9 filmov\u00e9 trilogii si vzpomenete na V\u00e1clava IV. a Zikmunda „Li\u0161ku ry\u0161avou“.… Pokra\u010dovat ve\u00a0\u010dten\u00ed Jan Zho\u0159eleck\u00fd – nejschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syn Karla IV.?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-97","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historie","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nJan Zho\u0159eleck\u00fd - nejschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syn Karla IV.? - Blog pro zvan\u00e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jan Zho\u0159eleck\u00fd - nejschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syn Karla IV.? - Blog pro zvan\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nejprve se vra\u0165me k otci tohoto v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9ho mu\u017ee, kr\u00e1li a c\u00edsa\u0159i Karlu IV. 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