{"id":325,"date":"2026-03-22T22:08:40","date_gmt":"2026-03-22T21:08:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prozvane.cz\/?p=325"},"modified":"2026-03-23T08:27:41","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T07:27:41","slug":"bohuslav-ze-svamberka-od-zizkova-protivnika-k-husitskemu-hejtmanovi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.prozvane.cz\/index.php\/bohuslav-ze-svamberka-od-zizkova-protivnika-k-husitskemu-hejtmanovi\/","title":{"rendered":"Bohuslav ze \u0160vamberka – od \u017di\u017ekova protivn\u00edka k husitsk\u00e9mu hejtmanovi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Spr\u00e1vn\u011b bych m\u011bl napsat Bohuslav VI. ze \u0160vamberka. \u0160lo o \u0161lechtice ze z\u00e1pado\u010desk\u00e9ho star\u00e9ho rodu se s\u00eddlem na hrad\u011b Kras\u00edkov (\u0160vamberk). Jeho \u017eivot by obst\u00e1l jako n\u00e1m\u011bt pro hollywoodsk\u00fd trh\u00e1k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Poj\u010fme se proj\u00edt mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm \u017eivotem tohoto v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edka. Bohuslav VI. ze \u0160vamberka se narodil Bohuslavu V. ze \u0160vamberka a Ann\u011b Kru\u0161inov\u00e9 z Lichtenburka, rok narozen\u00ed je obest\u0159en nejistotou. Bohuslav V. byl nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm zemsk\u00fdm sud\u00edm V\u00e1clava IV., co\u017e mu ov\u0161em nebr\u00e1nilo se aktivn\u011b se \u00fa\u010dastnit \u0161lechtick\u00e9 vzpoury proti panovn\u00edkovi. Roku 1394 dobyl se sv\u00fdm bratrem Tou\u017eim, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee \u0161lo o \u0161lechtice, kter\u00fd ne\u0161el pro r\u00e1nu daleko. Zem\u0159el roku 1401 nebo 1402 a zanechal po sob\u011b t\u0159i syny, Bohuslava VI., Hynka Kru\u0161inu ze \u0160vamberka a Jana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O Janovi mnoho nev\u00edme, ale Bohuslav VI. a Hynek Kru\u0161ina se do historie zapsali hned po roce 1409, kdy\u017e byl jejich str\u00fdc a poru\u010dn\u00edk Jan ze \u0160vamberka na p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd pokyn kr\u00e1le V\u00e1clava IV. potrest\u00e1n st\u011bt\u00edm za pod\u00edl na p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b povst\u00e1n\u00ed. Nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed s kr\u00e1lem bylo urovn\u00e1no sm\u00edrem roku 1414.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tenkr\u00e1t na z\u00e1pad\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nejen\u017ee se Bohuslav VI. a jeho bratr s kr\u00e1lem sm\u00ed\u0159ili, ale pr\u00e1v\u011b Bohuslav byl panovn\u00edkem pov\u011b\u0159en, aby v kraji dbal na dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a z\u00e1kon\u016f. T\u00edm tento mlad\u00fd \u0161lechtic stanul v \u010dele z\u00e1pado\u010desk\u00e9ho tzv. landfr\u00fddu. To byla de facto domobrana sest\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed ze \u0161lechtick\u00fdch dru\u017ein nam\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1 proti n\u00e1sil\u00ed, loupen\u00ed a soukrom\u00fdm v\u00e1lk\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po vypuknut\u00ed husitsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek se dva brat\u0159i \u0160vamberkov\u00e9, Hynek Kru\u0161ina i Bohuslav VI., postavili na stranu kr\u00e1le Zikmunda. A zde se Bohuslav dost\u00e1v\u00e1 do k\u0159\u00ed\u017eku s Janem \u017di\u017ekou, kter\u00fd zde na z\u00e1pad\u011b p\u016fsobil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do t\u0159etice v\u0161eho…<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jako v\u016fdce z\u00e1pado\u010desk\u00e9ho landfr\u00fddu se Bohuslav VI. nutn\u011b dostal do konfliktu s husity, kte\u0159\u00ed na po\u010d\u00e1tku hnut\u00ed byli pr\u00e1v\u011b na Plze\u0148sku aktivn\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u011b se \u0160vamberkovy odd\u00edly srazily s \u017di\u017ekou v bitv\u011b u Nekm\u00ed\u0159e<\/a> na p\u0159elomu let 1419-1420. Zde jednook\u00fd vojev\u016fdce prvn\u011b pou\u017eil vozovou hradbu, na n\u00ed\u017e \u0160vamberk s p\u0159esilou t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 j\u00edzdy za\u00fato\u010dil a byl s krvav\u00fdmi ztr\u00e1tami odra\u017een. O t\u00e9to bitv\u011b jsem zde ji\u017e psal v \u010dl\u00e1nku Kdy m\u011bl Jan \u017di\u017eka prohr\u00e1t<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podruh\u00e9 se mlad\u00fd katolick\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk st\u0159etl s \u017di\u017ekou u Sudom\u011b\u0159e 25.3.1420<\/a>. I zde se front\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fatok t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 j\u00edzdy na vozovou hradbu utopil v krvi. Bitvu popisuji ve stejn\u00e9m \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pot\u0159et\u00ed se Bohuslav VI. utkal s \u017di\u017ekou v \u0159ad\u00e1ch spojen\u00e9ho vojska plze\u0148sk\u00e9ho landfr\u00fddu a odd\u00edl\u016f Old\u0159icha II. z Ro\u017emberka pos\u00edlen\u00fdch \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159i kr\u00e1le Zikmunda. Husit\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b dobyli i p\u0159es zu\u0159iv\u00fd odpor obr\u00e1nc\u016f tvrz v Pansk\u00e9m Boru (dnes Mal\u00fd Bor), kdy\u017e dostali zpr\u00e1vu o bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edm se vojsku nep\u0159\u00e1tel. \u017di\u017eka se p\u0159ed p\u0159esilou zav\u0159el do vozov\u00e9 hradby na nedalek\u00e9m n\u00e1vr\u0161\u00ed, kde 12. \u0159\u00edjna 1420 svedl v\u00edt\u011bznou bitvu. Op\u011bt katolick\u00e9 vojsko zvolilo front\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fatok a op\u011bt bylo krvav\u011b odra\u017eeno. Kronik\u00e1\u0159 Vav\u0159inec z B\u0159ezov\u00e9 o bitv\u011b p\u00ed\u0161e: „Potom v sobotu po svat\u00e9m Divi\u0161ovi lid pana Old\u0159icha z R\u016f\u017ee, \u0160vamberk a ostatn\u00ed p\u00e1ni z plze\u0148sk\u00e9ho kraje spolu s chot\u011b\u0161ovsk\u00fdm probo\u0161tem svedli se \u017di\u017ekou a jeho t\u00e1bory u hradu Boru bl\u00edzko Hora\u017e\u010fovic nep\u0159\u00e1telskou sr\u00e1\u017eku; a na obou stran\u00e1ch byli zabit\u00ed, ran\u011bn\u00ed a zajat\u00ed, v\u00edce v\u0161ak na stran\u011b p\u00e1n\u016f, ale \u017di\u017eka v poli vyhr\u00e1l. \u201c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sm\u016fla nechod\u00ed po hor\u00e1ch, ale po lidech<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Osud Bohuslava VI. ze \u0160vamberka se naplnil p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b hned z kraje roku 1421. V tu dobu p\u016fsobil \u017di\u017eka spolu se sv\u00fdm spojencem, Petrem Zmrzl\u00edkem ze Svoj\u0161\u00edna, na Plze\u0148sku. Petr Zmrzl\u00edk byl druhdy za V\u00e1clava IV. kutnohorsk\u00fdm mincmistrem, ale Zikmund ho z tohoto v\u00fdnosn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u0159adu sesadil. \u017di\u017eku z\u0159ejm\u011b znal osobn\u011b z doby jeho p\u016fsoben\u00ed v kr\u00e1lov\u011b osobn\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ei. Oba spojenci dobyli a vyplenili kl\u00e1\u0161tery v Tepl\u00e9, Chot\u011b\u0161ov\u011b a Kladrubech. Dal\u0161\u00edm logick\u00fdm c\u00edlem bylo kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 m\u011bsto St\u0159\u00edbro. Sotva ale za\u010dalo obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed, dostal \u017di\u017eka zpr\u00e1vu, \u017ee jeho m\u00edstn\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edtel, Bohuslav VI. ze \u0160vamberka, se uch\u00fdlil na rodov\u00fd hrad \u0160vamberk (Kras\u00edkov) pouze s nevelkou dru\u017einou. T\u00e9to \u0161ance se husitsk\u00fd hejtman okam\u017eit\u011b chopil a p\u0159it\u00e1hl s vojskem ke Kras\u00edkovu. Mal\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka hradu nebyla schopna zabr\u00e1nit dobyt\u00ed mostu a bransk\u00e9 v\u011b\u017ee hned prvn\u00edm \u00fatokem. Pro p\u0159edstavu p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1m p\u016fdorys Kras\u00edkova, ze kter\u00e9ho je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee takto rozlehl\u00fd hrad by musela h\u00e1jit opravdu po\u010detn\u00e1 pos\u00e1dka, aby obst\u00e1l p\u0159i \u00fatoku siln\u00e9ho vojska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0160vamberk byl natolik zku\u0161en\u00fd voj\u00e1k, \u017ee mu bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee hrad proti p\u0159esile neudr\u017e\u00ed. Vyvolal proto jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o vyd\u00e1n\u00ed hradu, ale pouze s jednou podm\u00ednkou. On osobn\u011b se nevzd\u00e1 Janu \u017di\u017ekovi, ale Petru Zmrzl\u00edkovi. Bohuslav m\u011bl zjevn\u011b obavy z pomsty sv\u00e9ho rivala. \u017di\u017eka byl natolik vojensk\u00fd profesion\u00e1l, \u017ee potla\u010dil chu\u0165 na pomstu, a souhlasil. Zde si neodpust\u00edm pozn\u00e1mku, \u017ee velk\u00fd vojev\u016fdce nikdy nemrhal zbyte\u010dn\u011b \u017eivoty sv\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, a zde by v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dal\u0161\u00edho dob\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed Kras\u00edkova zoufal\u00fd odpor \u0160vamberkovy pos\u00e1dky st\u00e1l t\u011bchto \u017eivot\u016f mnoho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z v\u011bzn\u011b hejtmanem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pos\u00e1dka Kras\u00edkova byla propu\u0161t\u011bna dle dohody, s\u00e1m pan Bohuslav z\u016fstal internov\u00e1n na rodov\u00e9m s\u00eddle. Po smrti Petra Zmrzl\u00edka v srpnu 1421 (zem\u0159el v Kutn\u00e9 Ho\u0159e na mor) byl mlad\u00fd \u0160vamberk p\u0159evezen na P\u0159\u00edb\u011bnice a zde d\u00e1le v\u011bzn\u011bn. Jak bylo tehdy zvykem, po\u017eadovali husit\u00e9 za Bohuslava v\u00fdkupn\u00e9. M\u011bs\u00edce plynuly a ani p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed, ani kr\u00e1l Zikmund, jemu\u017e tak v\u011brn\u011b slou\u017eil, se k vyplacen\u00ed zajatce nem\u011bli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zde se muselo odehr\u00e1t cosi v mysli tohoto katolick\u00e9ho ryt\u00ed\u0159e, kter\u00fd zjistil, \u017ee jeho ryt\u00ed\u0159sk\u00e1 \u010dest a v\u011brnost kr\u00e1li mu p\u0159inesla pouze pobyt v cele, co ho p\u0159im\u011blo zahodit dosavadn\u00ed \u017eivot a za\u010d\u00edt nov\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed Bohuslav VI. ze \u0160vamberka p\u0159ijal kalich a stal se \u010dlenem husitsk\u00e9ho vojska. Vym\u00ednil si jedinou podm\u00ednku, \u017ee nikdy nebude nucet bojovat proti sv\u00e9mu bratru Hynku Kru\u0161inovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I p\u0159es troj\u00ed prohru s husity byl zjevn\u011b uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n jako schopn\u00fd bojovn\u00edk i velitel a ji\u017e roku 1422 se stal jedn\u00edm z t\u00e1borsk\u00fdch hejtman\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017de se rychle etabloval mezi dosavadn\u00ed velitelskou elitu, nasv\u011bd\u010duje fakt, \u017ee na podzim roku 1422 se aktivn\u011b \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed po boku hejtman\u016f Jana Hv\u011bzdy z V\u00edcemilic a Kune\u0161e z B\u011blovic ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho pokusu zmocnit se Prahy, kter\u00e1 tehdy stranila litevsk\u00e9mu kn\u00ed\u017eeti Zikmundu Korybutovi\u010di. Toho dokonce cht\u011bli um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed husit\u00e9 zvolit kr\u00e1lem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po smrti \u017di\u017ekova n\u00e1stupce Jana Hv\u011bzdy byl Bohuslav ze \u0160vamberka dokonce ustanoven t\u00e1borsk\u00fdm vrchn\u00edm hejtmanem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed podobn\u00e9 akce se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed \u0160vamberk v roce 1425, kdy se radik\u00e1ln\u00ed husit\u00e9 pokusili Prahu p\u0159\u00edmo dob\u00fdt. Kronik\u00e1\u0159 Barto\u0161ek z Drahonic o tom p\u00ed\u0161e: „L\u00e9ta P\u00e1n\u011b 1425 p\u0159itrhli Roh\u00e1\u010d a Jan Bzdinka, \u017di\u017ekovi n\u00e1stupci po jeho smrti, a pan Bohuslav ze \u0160vamberka p\u0159ed velikonocemi s vojskem ku Praze a v noci se pokou\u0161eli silou j\u00ed dob\u00fdt p\u0159es hradby po \u017eeb\u0159\u00edc\u00edch, ale Pra\u017ean\u00e9 je svrhli z hradeb i se \u017eeb\u0159\u00edky.“<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vrtkav\u00e1 \u0161t\u011bst\u011bna<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bohuslav VI. byl t\u011blem i du\u0161\u00ed voj\u00e1k, v tom p\u0159ipom\u00ednal a\u017e n\u00e1padn\u011b Jana \u017di\u017eku. Stejn\u011b jako slep\u00fd vojev\u016fdce projevoval nespornou odvahu, ob\u011btavost i schopnost riskovat. Nev\u00edme, jak na mlad\u00e9ho hejtmana pohl\u00ed\u017eel veter\u00e1n \u017di\u017eka, prof. \u010cornej m\u00edn\u00ed, \u017ee mu z\u0159ejm\u011b nikdy zcela ned\u016fv\u011b\u0159oval. Na druhou stranu nijak nebr\u00e1nil jeho pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed na jednoho z hejtman\u016f, tedy musel uzn\u00e1vat jeho vojensk\u00e9 kvality. A to i p\u0159esto, \u017ee \u0160vamberka t\u0159ikr\u00e1t porazil. Nebo mo\u017en\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, pokud vid\u011bl, \u017ee se mlad\u00fd voj\u00e1k z chyb u\u010d\u00ed a u\u017e je neopakuje. Dovol\u00edm si zaspekulovat, \u017ee \u017di\u017eka mlad\u0161\u00edho soka respektoval a mo\u017en\u00e1 v n\u011bm vid\u011bl i sebe. Tak\u00e9 on prov\u00e1l\u010dil od ml\u00e1d\u00ed cel\u00fd \u017eivot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nev\u00edme, jak se na Bohuslavovu konverzi ke kalichu tv\u00e1\u0159ila jeho rodina, kter\u00e1 jako celek z\u016fst\u00e1vala v\u011brn\u00e1 katolick\u00e9 stran\u011b a Hynek Kru\u0161ina dokonce po bratrovi p\u0159evzal velen\u00ed plze\u0148sk\u00e9ho landfr\u00fddu. P\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost se st\u0159etnout v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m boji ji\u017e oba brat\u0159i nikdy nedostali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1425 t\u00e1hlo t\u00e1borsk\u00e9 vojsko do Rakous a p\u0159i obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bsta Retz v listopadu t\u00e9ho\u017e roku se osud mlad\u00e9ho hejtmana dovr\u0161il. Byl zasa\u017een do obli\u010deje st\u0159elou z ku\u0161e a zran\u011bn\u00ed po n\u011bkolika dnech podlehl. Pochov\u00e1n byl v Moravsk\u00e9m Krumlov\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Padl druh\u00fd \u017di\u017eka?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Je to \u010diro\u010dir\u00e1 spekulace, ale j\u00e1 si ji p\u0159esto dovol\u00edm. Podobnost\u00ed mezi star\u00fdm hejtmanem \u017di\u017ekou a mlad\u00fdm bojovn\u00edkem (padl ve v\u011bku ani ne 30 let) \u0160vamberkem je n\u00e1padn\u011b mnoho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oba poch\u00e1zeli ze \u0161lechtick\u00e9ho rodu (i kdy\u017e Bohuslav z mnohem star\u0161\u00edho a v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho), tedy se jim dostalo vojensk\u00e9 v\u00fdchovy. Krom\u011b toho do obou vychovatel\u00e9 v\u0161t\u00edpili a\u017e \u00fazkostliv\u011b dodr\u017eovanou \u010dest ryt\u00ed\u0159skou. V\u00e1l\u010dili od rann\u00e9ho ml\u00e1d\u00ed. Oba byli zjevn\u011b odv\u00e1\u017en\u00ed a nevyh\u00fdbali se boji v prvn\u00ed linii, co\u017e budilo obdiv a loajalitu jejich voj\u00e1k\u016f. Um\u011bli riskovat, aby vyhr\u00e1li. A nakonec i smrteln\u00e9 zran\u011bn\u00ed u Retzu se podob\u00e1 \u017di\u017ekovu zran\u011bn\u00ed u Rab\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Troufnu si zde tvrdit, \u017ee kdyby Bohuslav VI. ze \u0160vamberka nepadl, mohl v \u010dele t\u00e1borsk\u00fdch vojsk st\u00e1t stejn\u011b uzn\u00e1van\u00fd a voj\u00e1ky milovan\u00fd velitel, jako byl jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdce. A se sv\u00fdmi schopnostmi by z\u0159ejm\u011b nikdy nedopustil takov\u00fd debakl, jak\u00fd postihl T\u00e1bory u Lipan<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroje:
\u010cORNEJ, Petr. Jan \u017di\u017eka. \u017divot a doba husitsk\u00e9ho v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edka. Vyd\u00e1n\u00ed prvn\u00ed. vyd. Praha: Paseka, 2019, s. 352-355<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bohuslav_VI.ze%C5%A0vamberka<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/husitstvi.cz\/forum\/viewtopic.php?t=2036<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Spr\u00e1vn\u011b bych m\u011bl napsat Bohuslav VI. ze \u0160vamberka. \u0160lo o \u0161lechtice ze z\u00e1pado\u010desk\u00e9ho star\u00e9ho rodu se s\u00eddlem na hrad\u011b Kras\u00edkov (\u0160vamberk). Jeho \u017eivot by obst\u00e1l jako n\u00e1m\u011bt pro hollywoodsk\u00fd trh\u00e1k. Poj\u010fme se proj\u00edt mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdm \u017eivotem tohoto v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edka. Bohuslav VI. ze \u0160vamberka se narodil Bohuslavu V. ze \u0160vamberka a Ann\u011b Kru\u0161inov\u00e9 z Lichtenburka, rok narozen\u00ed je… Pokra\u010dovat ve\u00a0\u010dten\u00ed Bohuslav ze \u0160vamberka – od \u017di\u017ekova protivn\u00edka k husitsk\u00e9mu hejtmanovi<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-325","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historie","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nBohuslav ze \u0160vamberka - od \u017di\u017ekova protivn\u00edka k husitsk\u00e9mu hejtmanovi - Blog pro zvan\u00e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bohuslav ze \u0160vamberka - od \u017di\u017ekova protivn\u00edka k husitsk\u00e9mu hejtmanovi - Blog pro zvan\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Spr\u00e1vn\u011b bych m\u011bl napsat Bohuslav VI. ze \u0160vamberka. \u0160lo o \u0161lechtice ze z\u00e1pado\u010desk\u00e9ho star\u00e9ho rodu se s\u00eddlem na hrad\u011b Kras\u00edkov (\u0160vamberk). 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