{"id":150,"date":"2024-11-30T22:39:08","date_gmt":"2024-11-30T21:39:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prozvane.cz\/?p=150"},"modified":"2024-12-17T20:24:46","modified_gmt":"2024-12-17T19:24:46","slug":"ondrej-kersky-z-rimovic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.prozvane.cz\/index.php\/ondrej-kersky-z-rimovic\/","title":{"rendered":"Ond\u0159ej Ke\u0159sk\u00fd z \u0158imovic"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

30. kv\u011btna 1434 u vesnice Lipany proti sob\u011b st\u00e1lo t\u00e1borsko-sirot\u010d\u00ed vojsko o s\u00edle asi 10.000 p\u011b\u0161\u00edch a 700 j\u00edzdn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f s asi 480 bojov\u00fdmi vozy a vojsko pansk\u011b jednoty o s\u00edle asi 12.000\u201313.000 p\u011b\u0161\u00edch, 1.200 j\u00edzdn\u00edch s asi 720 bojov\u00fdmi vozy. Z d\u011bjepisu si z\u0159ejm\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd vzpomene na vrchn\u00edho velitele radik\u00e1l\u016f, Prokopa Hol\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd v bitv\u011b padl. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed si asi vzpomenou na sirot\u010d\u00edho hejtmana Jana \u010capka ze S\u00e1n<\/a>, kter\u00e9ho nepr\u00e1vem d\u011bjepis\u00e1\u0159i dodnes ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako „zr\u00e1dce od Lipan“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a>, kter\u00fd jsem mu v\u011bnoval, jsem zm\u00ednil velitele t\u00e1borsk\u00e9 hotovosti Ond\u0159eje Ke\u0159sk\u00e9ho z \u0158imovic, kter\u00fd spole\u010dn\u011b s \u010capkem odvedl j\u00edzdn\u00ed bojovn\u00edky (s malou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u011b\u0161\u00edch) ze ztracen\u00e9 bitvy do Kol\u00edna, kde v m\u011bstsk\u00e9 rad\u011b zasedal Ke\u0159sk\u00e9ho bratr Mat\u011bj ze Zibohlav.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento poln\u00ed velitel je d\u011bjepis\u00e1\u0159i ve v\u00fdkladu pom\u00edjen, p\u0159itom \u0161lo o v\u00fdznamnou osobu husitsk\u00e9ho T\u00e1bora. Od roku 1428 do 1434 byl dokonce vrchn\u00edm hejtmanem obce t\u00e1borsk\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kde se vzal, tu se vzal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ond\u0159ej Ke\u0159sk\u00fd z \u0158imovic se n\u00e1hle vyno\u0159uje z pramen\u016f na p\u0159elomu let 1429 a\u017e 1430, a to ve funkci hejtmana t\u00e1borsk\u00e9ho dom\u00e1c\u00edho vojska. Vystopovat jeho p\u016fvod, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 a dokonce s\u00eddlo, podle kter\u00e9ho se psal, je velmi nesnadn\u00e9. O rodi\u010d\u00edch se nev\u00ed zhola nic. Z p\u00edsemn\u00fdch pramen\u016f vy\u010dteme pouze jm\u00e9no Ond\u0159ejova bratra, Mat\u011bje ze Zibohlav, o n\u011bm\u017e dokonce v\u00edme, \u017ee jeden \u010das zast\u00e1val funkci kol\u00ednsk\u00e9ho kon\u0161ela. A\u010d v\u00edme, \u017ee m\u011bl v\u00edce potomk\u016f, s jistotou um\u00ed historici identifikovat pouze jednoho syna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0158imovice nebo \u0158\u00edmovice?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kde le\u017e\u00ed \u0158imovice \u010di \u0158\u00edmovice, podle nich\u017e se Ond\u0159ej psal, je o\u0159\u00ed\u0161ek. Prvn\u00ed \u0158imovice (psan\u00e9 s kr\u00e1tk\u00fdm \u201ei\u201c) le\u017e\u00ed v okrese Bene\u0161ov, necel\u00e9
\u010dty\u0159i kilometry v\u00fdchodn\u011b od Vla\u0161imi. Dal\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstem jsou \u0158\u00edmovice (psan\u00e9 s dlouh\u00fdm \u201e\u00ed\u201c), nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v okrese Havl\u00ed\u010dk\u016fv Brod. Pro jednu \u010di druhou lokalitu jsou skupiny historik\u016f zvu\u010dn\u00fdch jmen, ale z posledn\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f pom\u011brn\u011b jednozna\u010dn\u011b vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee se Ond\u0159ej psal po \u0158imovic\u00edch u Vla\u0161imi, nikoliv po \u0158\u00edmovic\u00edch u Gol\u010dova Jen\u00edkova. Rodi\u0161t\u011b hejtmana Ond\u0159eje bychom tedy m\u011bli, ale co s\u00eddlo? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u0159sko, K\u0159e, K\u0159\u00ed – kde to jen je?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ond\u0159ej samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i jako ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u0161lechtic m\u011bl n\u011bjak\u00e9 s\u00eddlo. I o t\u00e9to lokalit\u011b vedli historikov\u00e9 spory, ne\u017e se na z\u00e1klad\u011b „nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch d\u016fkaz\u016f“ v\u011bt\u0161inov\u011b p\u0159iklonili k verzi vesnice a tvrze K\u0159\u00ed<\/a> u Nymburka. Tvrz a jej\u00ed okol\u00ed byly vyplen\u011bny v roce 1420 vojskem c\u00edsa\u0159e Zikmunda. A snad definitivn\u011b s\u00eddlo zaniklo p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 akci v roce 1426. Ves, naz\u00fdvan\u00e1 v pramenech takt\u00e9\u017e K\u0159e \u010di N\u00e1k\u0159\u00ed, dala pojmenovan\u00ed p\u0159ilehl\u00e9mu okol\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dnes zn\u00e1me pod ozna\u010den\u00edm Kersko jako v\u011bhlasnou chatovou oblast, zpopularizovanou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Bohumilem Hrabalem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velitelem dom\u00e1c\u00ed obce na Hradi\u0161ti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1428 oblehla vojska cel\u00e9 t\u00e1borsk\u00e9 strany hrad Bechyn\u011b, po jeho dobyt\u00ed v \u0159\u00edjnu t\u00e9ho\u017e roku se tamn\u00edm hejtmanem stal Jan Bleh z T\u011b\u0161nice, tehdej\u0161\u00ed velitel dom\u00e1c\u00edho t\u00e1borsk\u00e9ho vojska. Zde je nutno vysv\u011btlit rozd\u00edl mezi „dom\u00e1c\u00ed obc\u00ed“ a „obc\u00ed polem pracuj\u00edc\u00ed“. Dom\u00e1c\u00ed obec byla de facto pos\u00e1dka T\u00e1bora, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch a spojeneck\u00fdch m\u011bst. Obec polem pracuj\u00edc\u00ed bylo vojsko p\u016fsob\u00edc\u00ed mimo dom\u00e1c\u00ed m\u011bsta. P\u0159i v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch akc\u00edch dom\u00e1c\u00ed obec pos\u00edlila sv\u00fdmi odd\u00edly pr\u00e1v\u011b obec polem pracuj\u00edc\u00ed. Paradoxn\u011b hejtman dom\u00e1c\u00ed obce vel\u00edc\u00ed nejen t\u00e1borsk\u00fdm voj\u00e1k\u016fm, ale i posil\u00e1m ostatn\u00edch m\u011bst m\u011bl \u010dasto pod sebou siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kontingent vojska. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ond\u0159ej byl v pramenech v\u00edcekr\u00e1t ozna\u010den jako hejtman Star\u00e9ho T\u00e1bora, ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201eStar\u00fd T\u00e1bor\u201c se vztahovalo pr\u00e1v\u011b jen na samotnou obec na Hradi\u0161ti. Historikov\u00e9 odhaduj\u00ed po\u010det obyvatel Hradi\u0161t\u011b hory T\u00e1bor na 3.000-4.000 obyvatel, z \u010deho\u017e dovozuj\u00ed po\u010det aktivn\u00edch bojeschopn\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f na 400, max. 550 bojovn\u00edk\u016f. Pokud se k akci p\u0159idru\u017eily hotovosti ze sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bn\u00fdch m\u011bst, mohl hejtman dom\u00e1c\u00ed obce velet n\u011bkolika stovk\u00e1m dal\u0161\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f. Z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee tato funkce nebyla rozhodn\u011b nev\u00fdznamn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak se Ond\u0159ej dostal do t\u00e9to funkce, nev\u00edme. P\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 T\u00e1bora by asi ale nevybrali nikoho bez zku\u0161enost\u00ed a pat\u0159i\u010dn\u00e9 velitelsk\u00e9 reputace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ond\u0159ej\u016fv vstup do psan\u00e9 historie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V prosinci 1429 se husitsk\u00e9 odd\u00edly v po\u010dtu cca 18.000 bojovn\u00edk\u016f vydaly na „spanilou j\u00edzdu“ kolem Labe sm\u011brem k Lipsku. Husitsk\u00e9 odd\u00edly se skl\u00e1daly z p\u011bti kontingent\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly schopny operovat samostatn\u011b. V listin\u011b z 6. \u00fanora 1430, j\u00edm\u017e se Fridrichu I. Hohenzollernsk\u00e9mu, markrab\u011bti braniborsk\u00e9mu, povedlo sjednat p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed mezi m\u011bstem Bamberk a husity, se p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee smlouva se uzav\u00edr\u00e1 s \u201eurozen\u00fdmi, d\u016fstojn\u00fdmi a state\u010dn\u00fdmi Jakubem Krom\u011b\u0161\u00ednem, kn\u011bzem Prokopem, Ond\u0159ejem, J\u00edrou, Zikmundem a Kr\u00e1lovcem, hejtmany \u010desk\u00e9ho lidu, p\u011bti vojsk, Velk\u00e9ho a Star\u00e9ho T\u00e1bora, sirotk\u016f, Star\u00e9ho M\u011bsta pra\u017esk\u00e9ho a ostatn\u00edch m\u011bst v \u010cech\u00e1ch<\/em>\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u0159sk\u00fd je zde zm\u00edn\u011bn jen jm\u00e9nem, to ale nebylo neobvykl\u00e9. Hotovost Star\u00e9ho T\u00e1bora vedl Ond\u0159ej (v listin\u011b jako „Endres“). To je prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e1 zm\u00ednka o tomto hejtmanovi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V b\u0159eznu se v s\u00e1le pra\u017esk\u00e9 Karlovy koleje se\u0161lo zased\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho\u017e \u00fakolem bylo zvolit po\u010detnou delegaci do Norimberka. Prot\u00e1hlo se a\u017e do po\u010d\u00e1tku dubna. V nedatovan\u00e9, latinsky psan\u00e9 listin\u011b jsou vyjmenov\u00e1ni i „hejtman\u00e9 vojsk“, „Jakub z B\u0159ezovic, hejtman vojska poln\u00edho t\u00e1borsk\u00e9ho\u201c, \u201eBartolom\u011bj, hejtman vojska sirot\u010d\u00edho\u201c a kone\u010dn\u011b „Ond\u0159ej z \u0158imovic, hejtman vojska Star\u00e9ho T\u00e1bora\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u00ednka je v listin\u011b sjedn\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed 13. \u010dervence 1430 p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed mezi Old\u0159ichem z Ro\u017emberka a t\u00e1borsk\u00fdm svazem. Listina za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 takto: „My Ond\u0159ej z \u0158imovic, hauptman poln\u00ed v ty \u010dasy obce t\u00e1borsk\u00e9,
Ond\u0159ej Kartaj, vlada\u0159, purgmistr, rada i v\u0161ecka obec hory T\u00e1bor\u2026\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Osudov\u00e1 Plze\u0148<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mezi 14. \u010dervencem 1433 a 9. kv\u011btnem 1434 (dev\u011bt m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a dvacet t\u0159i dn\u016f) obl\u00e9hala spojen\u00e1 vojska t\u00e1borit\u016f, sirotk\u016f, pra\u017ean\u016f a \u017eatecko-lounsk\u00e9ho svazu Plze\u0148. Nad radik\u00e1ln\u00edmi husity se ji\u017e stahovala mra\u010dna, vnit\u0159n\u00ed rozpory p\u0159er\u016fstaly jejich v\u016fdc\u016fm p\u0159es hlavu. Zlomem byla ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 v\u00fdprava t\u00e1borsk\u00e9ho hejtmana Jana Parduse a doma\u017elick\u00e9ho hejtmana Jana \u0158itky z Bezd\u011bdic do Bavorska. V\u00fdprava \u010d\u00edtala na 2 000 mu\u017e\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e asi \u010dtvrtinu v n\u00ed tvo\u0159ila j\u00edzda. Poda\u0159ilo se uko\u0159istit potraviny posta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed v z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed husitsk\u00e9ho vojska, ale p\u0159i n\u00e1vratu do \u010cech 21. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1433 byla husitsk\u00e1 kolona zcela zasko\u010dena a drtiv\u011b pora\u017eena nedaleko vesnice Hiltersried<\/a>. Masakru unikla pouze hrstka bojovn\u00edk\u016f, ve\u0161ker\u00e1 ko\u0159ist ale byla ztracena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nespokojenost bojovn\u00edk\u016f u Plzn\u011b a por\u00e1\u017eka v Bavorsku vy\u00fastily dokonce ve fyzick\u00e9 napaden\u00ed Prokopa Hol\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edmi mu\u017ei. Prokop Hol\u00fd zbaven v\u0161ech funkc\u00ed pak opustil le\u017een\u00ed p\u0159ed Plzn\u00ed a do\u0161lo k prom\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed karet, kdy se ve veden\u00ed t\u00e1borsk\u00fdch odd\u00edl\u016f udr\u017eel pr\u00e1v\u011b Ond\u0159ej Ke\u0159sk\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prameny m\u00e1me dolo\u017eeno, \u017ee nejpozd\u011bji 2. kv\u011btna 1434 byl Ond\u0159ej p\u0159\u00edtomen v Nov\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b pra\u017esk\u00e9m. Z plze\u0148sk\u00e9ho le\u017een\u00ed p\u0159ijeli za t\u00e1bority Ond\u0159ej Ke\u0159sk\u00fd, Mikul\u00e1\u0161 z Pada\u0159ova (Pade\u0159ova) a Filip z Pada\u0159ova (Pade\u0159ova), velitel pos\u00e1dky na hrad\u011b Ostrome<\/a>\u010d a snad Mikul\u00e1\u0161\u016fv bratr, za sirotky Jan \u010capek ze S\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed r\u00e1na p\u0159i\u0161la, kdy\u017e se spojen\u00e9 s\u00edly um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00fdch kali\u0161n\u00edk\u016f za pomoci Starom\u011bstsk\u00fdch 6. kv\u011btna zmocnili Nov\u00e9ho m\u011bsta pra\u017esk\u00e9ho. Prokopu Hol\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd zde pob\u00fdval se povedlo uniknout. Ond\u0159ej Ke\u0159sk\u00fd se nevracel k Plzni, ale do domovsk\u00e9ho T\u00e1bora.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezit\u00edm se u Plzn\u011b v noci z 5. na 6. kv\u011btna povedlo b\u00fdval\u00e9mu t\u00e1borsk\u00e9mu hejtmanovi P\u0159ib\u00edku z Klenov\u00e9 prorazit oble\u017een\u00ed a z\u00e1sobit Plze\u0148 potravinami. Ve sv\u011btle t\u011bchto zpr\u00e1v radik\u00e1lov\u00e9 sp\u011b\u0161n\u011b v noci z 8. na 9. kv\u011btna strhli le\u017een\u00ed a urychlen\u011b se za\u010dali p\u0159ipravovat na rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed bitvu nejen s katolickou \u0161lechtou, ale i se sv\u00fdmi b\u00fdval\u00fdmi spojenci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velitelem u Lipan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Po obsazen\u00ed Nov\u00e9ho m\u011bsta pra\u017esk\u00e9ho se radik\u00e1ln\u00ed svazy, t\u00e1borsk\u00fd a sirot\u010d\u00ed, hned pustily do shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed vojska, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo porazit jak katolick\u00e9, tak „zr\u00e1dn\u00e9“ kali\u0161nick\u00e9 \u0161lechtice a m\u011bsta. Ond\u0159ej Ke\u0159sk\u00fd zcela jist\u011b jako hejtman dom\u00e1c\u00ed obce t\u00e1borsk\u00e9 shroma\u017e\u010foval bojovn\u00edky jak ze samotn\u00e9ho T\u00e1bora, tak ze spojeneck\u00fdch m\u011bst a 11. kv\u011btna s nimi opustil m\u011bsto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cestou se tento sbor pokusil dob\u00fdt hrad Borot\u00edn<\/a> Mikul\u00e1\u0161e z Land\u0161tejna, n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00edho spojence T\u00e1bora, nyn\u00ed v\u0161ak zr\u00e1dce, kter\u00fd p\u0159e\u0161el na stranu kali\u0161nicko-katolick\u00e9 koalice. Kronika prav\u00ed, \u017ee „t\u00e9ho\u017e dne [11. kv\u011btna] oblehli t\u00e1bo\u0159i z m\u011bsta T\u00e1bora tvrz Borot\u00edn pana Mikul\u00e1\u0161e z Borot\u00edna, ale brzy potom ustoupili, ani\u017e se tvrze zmocnili\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed se vojska radik\u00e1l\u016f spojila a zaujala v\u00fdhodnou pozici na n\u00e1vr\u0161\u00ed u vesnice Lipany, kde 30. kv\u011btna 1434 do\u0161lo k bitv\u011b. Jej\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh jsem popisoval v \u010dl\u00e1nku o \u010capkovi ze S\u00e1n<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro ilustraci role Ke\u0159sk\u00e9ho citujme kronik\u00e1\u0159e Barto\u0161ka, kter\u00fd p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee v \u010dele radik\u00e1l\u016f st\u00e1li „\u2026kn\u011bz Prokop Hol\u00fd, tehdy hejtman t\u00e1bor\u016f, s poln\u00edm vojskem t\u00e1borsk\u00fdm, Jan, zvan\u00fd \u010capek ze S\u00e1n, tehdy nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed
hejtman \u017di\u017ekov\u00fdch sirotk\u016f podobn\u011b u\u017e po dvan\u00e1ct let setrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch v poli a bojuj\u00edc\u00edch, kn\u011bz Prok\u016fpek a Ond\u0159ej zvan\u00fd Ke\u0159sk\u00fd, tak\u00e9 hejtman t\u00e1bor\u016f\u2026z T\u00e1bora\u2026<\/em>\u201c. Dal\u0161\u00ed kronik\u00e1\u0159, Star\u00fd kolegi\u00e1t pra\u017esk\u00fd, uv\u00e1d\u00ed jako velitele t\u00e1borsk\u00fdch pouze Prokopa Hol\u00e9ho a Ond\u0159eje Ke\u0159sk\u00e9ho. „A t\u00e1borit\u00e9 se sirotky, maj\u00edc\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m vojsku zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho odpadl\u00e9ho Prokopa Hol\u00e9ho a Kersk\u00e9ho.<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pikantn\u00ed je, \u017ee kronik\u00e1\u0159i zcela opom\u00edjej\u00ed hejtmana t\u00e1borsk\u00e9ho poln\u00edho vojska Zikmunda z Vranova.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obd\u0159ej ov\u0161em v bitv\u011b velel z\u0159ejm\u011b nejen dom\u00e1c\u00ed hotovsti T\u00e1bora, ale i hotovostem t\u00e1borsk\u00fdch m\u011bst. Odhadem m\u011bl pod p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm velen\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed stovky bojovn\u00edk\u016f. Nebyl to tedy jen velitel j\u00edzdn\u00edch, ale obecn\u011b velitel dom\u00e1c\u00ed hovotosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed zr\u00e1dce od Lipan?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Po zn\u00e1m\u00e9m zvratu bitvy, kdy radik\u00e1lov\u00e9 vyl\u00e1kan\u00ed mimo vozovou hradbu byli zasko\u010deni z\u00e1lohami koali\u010dn\u00edho vojska, od\u0159\u00edznuti od zbytku vojska a de facto pobiti, vnikl nep\u0159\u00edtel do otev\u0159en\u00e9 vozov\u00e9 hradby. Jak Jan \u010capek ze S\u00e1n, tak Ond\u0159ej Ke\u0159sk\u00fd z \u0158imovic byli vojen\u0161t\u00ed profesion\u00e1lov\u00e9 a museli vid\u011bt, \u017ee bitvu nezvr\u00e1t\u00ed, pouze by ob\u011btovali dal\u0161\u00ed bojovn\u00edky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dobov\u00e9 prameny o tomto „\u00fat\u011bku“ p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed. Kronik\u00e1\u0159 Barto\u0161ek t\u0159eba takto: „Av\u0161ak zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed hejtman\u00e9 \u010capek a Ond\u0159ej Ke\u0159sk\u00fd prchli na kon\u00edch do
Kol\u00edna s n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo sv\u00fdmi p\u011b\u0161\u00edmi lidmi.<\/em>\u201c Zde kronik\u00e1\u0159 umen\u0161uje s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 hejtmani odvedli z pole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Letopisec \u017eitavsk\u00fd p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee „kdy\u017e j\u00edzdn\u00ed vid\u011bli, \u017ee jsou jejich mu\u017ei t\u011b\u017ece napad\u00e1ni a por\u00e1\u017eeni p\u00e1ny, potom utekl \u010capek s jezdeck\u00fd odd\u00edlem pry\u010d a kdo mohl ut\u00e9ci, ten utekl.<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed zdroj p\u00ed\u0161e, „a mnoz\u00ed jin\u00ed s \u010capkem utekli na Kol\u00edn a druz\u00ed kam v\u011bd\u00fac.<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro\u010d je Ke\u0159sk\u00fd zmi\u0148ov\u00e1m pouze okrajov\u011b, i kdy\u017e velel srovnateln\u00e9mu kontingentu mu\u017e\u016f? \u010capek byl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b proslul\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edk, zn\u00e1m\u00fd i v okoln\u00edch zem\u00edch. \u00dat\u011bk tohoto velitele z bitvy byla prost\u011b senzace. Ond\u0159ej t\u00e9to proslulosti nedosahoval, tak\u017ee, bez ohledu na jeho velitelskou funkci, nest\u00e1l kronik\u00e1\u0159\u016fm za zm\u00ednku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1d na dno<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Po Lipanech se Ke\u0159sk\u00fd i \u010capek uzav\u0159eli v Kol\u00edn\u011b, kde vzdorovali vojsku v\u00edt\u011bz\u016f. Ti v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee Kol\u00edn jen tak nedobudou (velitel koali\u010dn\u00edho vojska, Divi\u0161 Bo\u0159ek z Milet\u00ednka, se dokonce ve stejn\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b roku 1427 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b br\u00e1nil spojen\u00e9mu vojsku t\u00e1borit\u016f, sirotk\u016f a pra\u017ean\u016f v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce). Do\u0161lo k dohod\u011b, \u017ee se oba hejtmani i se z\u00e1stupci Kol\u00edna dostav\u00ed na zemsk\u00fd sn\u011bm, nebude jim nijak ubl\u00ed\u017eeno, ale na opl\u00e1tku p\u0159ijmou jeho usnesen\u00ed. Na sn\u011bm se dostavil pouze \u010capek, Ke\u0159sk\u00fd nedorazil a dal tak najevo, \u017ee se s pom\u011bry po Lipanech rozhodn\u011b nesm\u00ed\u0159il.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9 funkci hejtmana dom\u00e1c\u00ed obce t\u00e1borsk\u00e9 z\u00edskal Jan Roh\u00e1\u010d z Dub\u00e9 (byl sice zajat u Lipan, ale v\u00edt\u011bzov\u00e9 ho propustili). Kol\u00edn roku 1435 z\u00edskal t\u00e1borsk\u00fd kn\u011bz a hejtman Bed\u0159ich ze Str\u00e1\u017enice. Ten z\u0159ejm\u011b jako „od\u0161kodn\u00e9“ Ke\u0159sk\u00e9mu p\u0159enechal tvrz Pab\u011bnice<\/a>. Ta se stala Ond\u0159ejov\u00fdm s\u00eddlem a p\u0159ijal jej\u00ed jm\u00e9no do sv\u00e9ho predik\u00e1tu. Krom\u011b Pab\u011bnic ovl\u00e1dal Ond\u0159ej je\u0161t\u011b dv\u011b men\u0161\u00ed tvrze, \u00damon\u00edn<\/a> a B\u0159ezovou<\/a>. Historikov\u00e9 odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b v tuto dobu Ond\u0159ej disponoval silou \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed des\u00edtky j\u00edzdn\u00edch a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed des\u00edtky p\u011b\u0161\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po dlouhou dobu Ond\u0159ejovi spojenectv\u00ed s Bed\u0159ichem ze Str\u00e1\u017enice zaji\u0161\u0165ovalo ochranu. Aby u\u017eivil svoji malou soukromou arm\u00e1du, musel se v\u011bnovat loupen\u00ed na panstv\u00edch „nep\u0159\u00e1tel“ a p\u0159epad\u016fm kupc\u016f. Byla to \u010dinnost, kterou dob\u0159e znal z dob p\u016fsoben\u00ed v husitsk\u00e9m vojsku, kdy se loupe\u017eiv\u00e9 n\u00e1jezdy pou\u017e\u00edvaly jako zp\u016fsob oslaben\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1tel a v neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i forma z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edho vojska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00ed oble\u017een\u00ed a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd \u00fat\u011bk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nakonec se trestn\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy ujal jeho b\u00fdval\u00fd spojenec, Bed\u0159ich ze Str\u00e1\u017enice, kter\u00e9mu vypomohli p\u0159ed\u00e1ci \u010c\u00e1slavsk\u00e9ho kraje, kter\u00fd Ond\u0159ejovou loupe\u017enickou \u010dinnost\u00ed trp\u011bl nejv\u00edce. Zpr\u00e1va Star\u00fdch letopis\u016f prav\u00ed: „T\u00e9ho\u017e l\u00e9ta [1446] po svat\u00e9m Petru a Pavlu [29. \u010dervna] obehnali tvrz Ke\u0159sk\u00e9ho, Pab\u011bnice, pro kr\u00e1de\u017e Tr\u010dka s tiem krajem \u010d\u00e1slavsk\u00fdm\u2026<\/em>\u201c. Aktivn\u011b se \u00fa\u010dastnil i Bed\u0159ich ze Str\u00e1\u017enice, kter\u00fd si z T\u00e1bora vy\u017e\u00e1dal zap\u016fj\u010den\u00ed obl\u00e9hac\u00edch d\u011bl. Pos\u00e1dka Pab\u011bnic mohla \u010d\u00edtat n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek bojovn\u00edk\u016f, obl\u00e9hatel\u016f byly maxim\u00e1ln\u011b jednotky stovek. Ond\u0159ejovi voj\u00e1ci byli ost\u0159\u00edlen\u00ed veter\u00e1ni, kte\u0159\u00ed necht\u011bli d\u00e1t k\u016f\u017ei lacino. Nav\u00edc v\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee podle tehd\u011bj\u0161\u00edho pr\u00e1va jsou br\u00e1ni jako zem\u0161t\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdci a bude s nimi nalo\u017eeno podle toho. Obrana byla tuh\u00e1, v listu z ro\u017embersk\u00e9ho archivu, kter\u00fd o oble\u017een\u00ed referuje, se p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee obl\u00e9hatel\u00e9 poslali zabit\u00e9 a ran\u011bn\u00e9 ve t\u0159ech vozech do Kol\u00edna. Oble\u017een\u00ed vyvrcholilo 22. \u010dervence, kdy byla tvrz dobyta. Ond\u0159ejovi se ale p\u0159edt\u00edm poda\u0159ilo s n\u011bkolika bojovn\u00edky uniknout. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zde se ukazuje, \u017ee Ke\u0159sk\u00fd zvolil stejn\u00fd postup jako u Lipan. Z beznad\u011bjn\u00e9m situace unik\u00e1 a zbytek bojovn\u00edk\u016f ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 osudu. Co\u017e mu ov\u0161em p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 ke cti neslou\u017e\u00ed a ve sv\u011btle t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti je „zr\u00e1dcem od Lipan“ mnohem sp\u00ed\u0161e Ke\u0159sk\u00fd ne\u017eli Jan \u010capek ze S\u00e1n. Konec pos\u00e1dky dobyt\u00e9 tvrze byl rychl\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Star\u00e9 letopisy prav\u00ed, \u017ee „t\u00e9ho\u017e l\u00e9ta po svat\u00e9m Petru a Pavlu obehnali
tvrz Ke\u0159sk\u00e9ho, Pab\u011bnice, pro kr\u00e1de\u017e Tr\u010dka s tiem krajem \u010d\u00e1slavsk\u00fdm, i dobyli j\u00ed, a s\u00e1m ledva u\u0161el s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi; a koliko\u017ekoli jich tam zastihli, v\u0161ecky zv\u011bsili. Stalo se v p\u00e1tek po Rozesl\u00e1nie apo\u0161tol\u00f3v [22. \u010dervence]<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dat\u011bk Ond\u0159eje z Pab\u011bnic popisuje i V\u00e1clavu H\u00e1jkovi z Libo\u010dan: „Roku toho Jan Ke\u0159sk\u00fd p\u0159ipojiv k sob\u011b n\u011bkter\u00e9 lotry i \u010dinil velik\u00e9 loupe\u017ee v kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9m, a zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v kraji \u010c\u00e1slavsk\u00e9m. Obyvatel\u00e9 v tom kraji
vytrp\u011bti toho nemohouce, vzav\u0161e na to radu s hejtmanem sv\u00e9ho kraje i s jin\u00fdmi, oblehli jej po svat\u00e9m Petru ten den (Mikul\u00e1\u0161ek Tr\u010dka s n\u011bkter\u00fdmi vokoln\u00edmi zemany) na Pab\u011bnic\u00edch a le\u017eeli tu dv\u011b ned\u011bli dob\u00fdvaj\u00edce Pab\u011bnic. A on Ke\u0159sk\u00fd tu noc p\u0159ed svatou pannou Mark\u00fdtou [13. \u010dervence] k\u00e1zav sob\u011b most spustiti, s\u00e1m osm\u00fd jezdecky prosko\u010dil a ujel a tvrz dobyta na den svat\u00fdch apo\u0161tol\u016fv Rozesl\u00e1n\u00ed [15. \u010dervence], a kte\u0159\u00ed\u017e tam koli byli nalezeni, ty v\u0161ecky k\u00e1zali zv\u011bsiti a tvrz vyp\u00e1liti.<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z t\u011bchto pramen\u016f je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee Ond\u0159ej netrp\u011bl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161nou loajalitou k vlastn\u00edm spolubojovn\u00edk\u016fm. S n\u011bkolika nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edmi ut\u00edk\u00e1 a zbytek pos\u00e1dky se je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed zoufale br\u00e1n\u00ed u v\u011bdom\u00ed konce, kter\u00fd je \u010dek\u00e1 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zajet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Druh\u00e9 oble\u017een\u00ed, \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed do\u0161lo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ond\u0159ej uprchl se zbytkem se sv\u00fdch bojovn\u00edk\u016f na tvrz v (\u010cerven\u00fdch) Janovic\u00edch. Ta je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 na dohled od Pab\u011bnic. Odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed vojska \u010c\u00e1slavsk\u00e9ho kraje a Bed\u0159icha ze Str\u00e1\u017enice skoncovat jedno prov\u017edy s pot\u00ed\u017eistou Ke\u0159sk\u00fdm bylo z\u0159ejm\u011b velmi siln\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okam\u017eit\u011b byla oble\u017eena i druh\u00e1 tvrz, ale tentokr\u00e1t si obl\u00e9hatel\u00e9 dali z\u00e1le\u017eet, aby sev\u0159en\u00ed pevnosti bylo natolik neprody\u0161n\u00e9, \u017ee p\u0159i druh\u00e9m pokusu o \u00fat\u011bk by Ond\u0159ej Ke\u0159sk\u00fd zajat. Star\u00e9 letopisy su\u010de prav\u00ed, \u017ee „Potom pod \u010dasem t\u00fd\u017e Ke\u0159sk\u00fd se na Janoviciech se zav\u0159el; kter\u00e9ho\u017eto Tr\u010dka dob\u00fdvati k\u00e1zal, a pochopiv jeho, potom ho k\u00e1zal stieti.<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e1jkova kronika zmi\u0148uje tento druh\u00fd pokus uniknout. „Potom t\u00fd\u017e
Ke\u0159sk\u00fd zav\u0159el se na Janovi\u010dk\u00e1ch a Tr\u010dka ho op\u011bt k\u00e1zal dob\u00fdvati, kter\u00fd\u017e op\u011bt cht\u011bl prosko\u010diti, ale nev\u011bd\u011bl, \u017ee jest opleten [obkl\u00ed\u010den], a tu jest jat a potom s\u0165at.<\/em>\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, na rozd\u00edl od jeho druh\u016f, z\u0159ejm\u011b z ohled\u016f k jeho \u0161lechtick\u00e9mu p\u016fvodu a vazb\u00e1m na dal\u0161\u00ed \u0161lechtice v kraji, byl uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n form\u00e1ln\u00ed (by\u0165 rychl\u00fd) soud. P\u0159esto\u017ee mohl b\u00fdt Ond\u0159ej popraven ihned a dokonce ob\u011b\u0161en\u00edm jako lapka, byla mu dop\u0159\u00e1na smrt n\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed \u0161lechtici, tedy poprava st\u011bt\u00edm. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historikov\u00e9 nejsou jednotn\u00ed v datumu Ond\u0159ejovy popravy (a dokonce ani v m\u00edst\u011b kon\u00e1n\u00ed exekuce), ale v\u011bt\u0161inov\u011b se p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed k tomu, \u017ee \u017eivot b\u00fdval\u00e9ho t\u00e1borsk\u00e9ho hejtmana vyhasl 22. \u010dervence 1446 v \u010c\u00e1slavi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161inou nikdo netu\u0161\u00ed (a d\u011bjepis\u00e1\u0159i ho ani nezmi\u0148uj\u00ed), kdo byl Ond\u0159ej Ke\u0159sk\u00fd z \u0158imovic, byl v roce 1963 nato\u010den film „Spanil\u00e1 j\u00edzda<\/a>„, kter\u00fd zachycuje (by\u0165 velmi romanticky) tohoto voj\u00e1ka a dobrodruha, kter\u00e9ho p\u0159edstavuje vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed herec Petr Kostka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zdroje: PAVL\u00cdK, Ji\u0159\u00ed. Ond\u0159ej Ke\u0159sk\u00fd z \u0158imovic. \u017divot a smrt husitsk\u00e9ho hejtmana. Online. Diplomov\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce. \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem: Univerzita Jana Evangelisty Purkyn\u011b v \u00dast\u00ed nad Labem, Filozofick\u00e1 fakulta. 2024. Dostupn\u00e9 z: https:\/\/theses.cz\/id\/5g7ph3\/.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

30. kv\u011btna 1434 u vesnice Lipany proti sob\u011b st\u00e1lo t\u00e1borsko-sirot\u010d\u00ed vojsko o s\u00edle asi 10.000 p\u011b\u0161\u00edch a 700 j\u00edzdn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f s asi 480 bojov\u00fdmi vozy a vojsko pansk\u011b jednoty o s\u00edle asi 12.000\u201313.000 p\u011b\u0161\u00edch, 1.200 j\u00edzdn\u00edch s asi 720 bojov\u00fdmi vozy. Z d\u011bjepisu si z\u0159ejm\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd vzpomene na vrchn\u00edho velitele radik\u00e1l\u016f, Prokopa Hol\u00e9ho, kter\u00fd v… Pokra\u010dovat ve\u00a0\u010dten\u00ed Ond\u0159ej Ke\u0159sk\u00fd z \u0158imovic<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-150","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historie","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nOnd\u0159ej Ke\u0159sk\u00fd z \u0158imovic - Blog pro zvan\u00e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ond\u0159ej Ke\u0159sk\u00fd z \u0158imovic - Blog pro zvan\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"30. kv\u011btna 1434 u vesnice Lipany proti sob\u011b st\u00e1lo t\u00e1borsko-sirot\u010d\u00ed vojsko o s\u00edle asi 10.000 p\u011b\u0161\u00edch a 700 j\u00edzdn\u00edch bojovn\u00edk\u016f s asi 480 bojov\u00fdmi vozy a vojsko pansk\u011b jednoty o s\u00edle asi 12.000\u201313.000 p\u011b\u0161\u00edch, 1.200 j\u00edzdn\u00edch s asi 720 bojov\u00fdmi vozy. 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