{"id":121,"date":"2023-11-19T21:46:41","date_gmt":"2023-11-19T20:46:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prozvane.cz\/?p=121"},"modified":"2024-11-03T16:13:33","modified_gmt":"2024-11-03T15:13:33","slug":"marcus-vipsanius-agrippa-muz-v-pozadi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.prozvane.cz\/index.php\/marcus-vipsanius-agrippa-muz-v-pozadi\/","title":{"rendered":"Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa – mu\u017e v pozad\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Z d\u011bjepisu obvykle zn\u00e1me ty „prvn\u00ed mu\u017ee“. T\u00edm v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byl Octavianus Augustus<\/a> (63 p\u0159. n. l. – 14 n. l.), prvn\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159 \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Adoptivn\u00ed syn velk\u00e9ho Julia Caesara. Asi d\u00edky milostn\u00e9 af\u00e9\u0159e Caesara s kr\u00e1snou Kleopatrou budeme zn\u00e1t druh\u00e9ho mu\u017ee jak Caesara, tak i Kleopatry, Marka Antonia. Ov\u0161em i mlad\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Octavi\u00e1nus Augustus m\u011bl sv\u00e9ho „druh\u00e9ho mu\u017ee“. Byl j\u00edm Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (63\u201312 p\u0159. n. l.). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ml\u00e1d\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9 za\u010d\u00e1tky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Agrippa se narodil na sklonku \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 republiky v nev\u00fdznamn\u00e9 jezdeck\u00e9 rodin\u011b jako syn Lucia Vipsania. Jak se plebejsk\u00fd mlad\u00edk mohl sezn\u00e1mit se synem z bohat\u00e9 patricijsk\u00e9 rodiny? Zcela prozaicky b\u011bhem studia r\u00e9toriky v \u0158\u00edm\u011b. Mezi ob\u011bma mlad\u00edky se zrodilo p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed, bez ohledu na obrovsk\u00fd stavovsk\u00fd rozd\u00edl, pevn\u00e9 a do\u017eivotn\u00ed. Ale to p\u0159edb\u00edh\u00e1me. Ne\u017e se mlad\u00fd Agrippa stal pevnou oporou prvn\u00edho c\u00edsa\u0159e, muselo se st\u00e1t je\u0161t\u011b mnoh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku kari\u00e9ry budouc\u00edho gener\u00e1la a politika st\u00e1la vojensk\u00e1 slu\u017eba pod velen\u00edm Gaia Julia Caesara. V letech 46 a\u017e 45 p\u0159. n. l. pod n\u00edm Agrippa slou\u017eil v boji proti Pompeiovi. Caesar zjevn\u011b odhalil Agrippovy vojensk\u00e9 vlohy a poslal ho spolus s Octavi\u00e1nem do Apollonie k makedonsk\u00fdm legi\u00edm.Tam m\u011bli vyu\u017e\u00edt \u010das p\u0159ed pl\u00e1novanou v\u00e1lkou proti Parth\u016fm ke studiu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Octavian\u016fv prastr\u00fdc Julius Caesar rozpoznal potenci\u00e1l mlad\u00e9ho Agrippy a vzal mlad\u00e9ho mu\u017ee do \u0160pan\u011blska, aby se z\u00fa\u010dastnil ta\u017een\u00ed proti sil\u00e1m veden\u00fdm Pompeiov\u00fdm synem. V roce 45 p\u0159. n. l. bojoval Marcus Agrippa v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 bitv\u011b u Mundy, d\u00edky n\u00ed\u017e se Caesar stal nesporn\u00fdm p\u00e1nem \u0158\u00edma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edtel a mu\u017e v pozad\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Po zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed Caesara v roce 44 p\u0159. n. l. se Agrippa postavil po bok sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edtele Octavi\u00e1na Augusta. Zat\u00edmco Octavianus byl velmi schopn\u00fd politik, ale ve vojenstv\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zdatn\u00fd, u Agrippy tomu bylo naopak. Budouc\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159 projevil tolik moudrosti, \u017ee vojensk\u00e9 akce ponechal zcela v gesci sv\u00e9ho nov\u00e9ho gener\u00e1la Marka Agrippy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Situace po vra\u017ed\u011b Caesara byla v \u0158\u00edm\u011b v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00e1 a nep\u0159ehledn\u00e1. Caesar\u016fv pobo\u010dn\u00edk Marcus Antonius se pkou\u0161el strhnout moc na sebe. Octavianus ale jako adoptivn\u00ed syn a d\u011bdic Caesara zkou\u0161el to sam\u00e9. V m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch po Caesarov\u011b smrti p\u0159i\u0159kli sen\u00e1to\u0159i jeho hlavn\u00edm vrah\u016fm Brutovi a Cassiovi spr\u00e1vcovstv\u00ed velk\u00fdch v\u00fdchodn\u00edch provinci\u00ed Makedonie a S\u00fdrie, je\u017e opl\u00fdvaly \u010detn\u00fdmi legiemi um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdmi zde kv\u016fli chystan\u00e9mu ta\u017een\u00ed proti Parth\u016fm. \u0160lo o jak\u00e9si „dr\u017ehubn\u00e9“, proto\u017ee ve vra\u017ed\u011b velk\u00e9ho vojev\u016fdce „jeli“ mnoz\u00ed ze sen\u00e1tor\u016f. Neust\u00e1l\u00e9 intriky ze strany Marka Antonia i Octaviana vy\u00fastily v neudr\u017eitelnost postaven\u00ed obou vrah\u016f a ti prchli ke sv\u00fdm legi\u00edm na v\u00fdchod.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezit\u00edm se vyhrotil i vztah Marka Antonia a mlad\u00e9ho Octaviana, kter\u00e9mu Marcus Antonius zadr\u017eoval opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed po adoptivn\u00edm otci, Caesarovi. V roce 43 p\u0159. n. l. prohl\u00e1sil sen\u00e1t Antonia z podn\u011btu Cicerona za nep\u0159\u00edtele st\u00e1tu. Antonius ji\u017e p\u0159edt\u00edm vyrazil na sever do P\u0159edalpsk\u00e9 Galie. Octavianus s n\u011bkolika legiemi vyrazil na sever a ve dvou bitv\u00e1ch u Mutiny (dne\u0161n\u00ed Modena) Marka Antonia drtiv\u011b porazil. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pak se zcela neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u011b rozhodl uzav\u0159\u00edt m\u00edr s Antoniem, kter\u00fd si zabezpe\u010dil kontrolu nad Hisp\u00e1ni\u00ed a Gali\u00ed. V \u0159\u00edjnu 43 p\u0159. n. l. se Octavianus, Marcus Antonius a Lepidus setkali u Bononie (Bologna) a vytvo\u0159ili zde druh\u00fd triumvir\u00e1t. Shodn\u00fdm c\u00edlem triumvir\u016f byla pomsta Caesara a potrest\u00e1n\u00ed jeho vrah\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V l\u00e9t\u011b roku 42 p\u0159. n. l. se spojen\u00e9 vojsko Octaviana a Marka Antonia p\u0159eplavilo do \u0158ecka, kde 3. \u0159\u00edjna a op\u011bt 23. \u0159\u00edjna v bitv\u011b u Filipp drtiv\u011b porazili vojsko Burta a Cassia, kte\u0159\u00ed rad\u011bji sp\u00e1chali sebevra\u017edu, ne\u017e by padli do zajet\u00ed. Ostatn\u011b, \u010dekala by je smrt, Octavianus je p\u0159edt\u00edm nechal prohl\u00e1sit za „nep\u0159\u00edtele republiky“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd vojev\u016fdce na sou\u0161i i na mo\u0159i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V dob\u011b politika\u0159en\u00ed mezi Markem Antoniem a Octavianem Agrippa p\u016fsobil jako vojensk\u00fd velitel. V roce 38 p\u0159. n. l. likvidoval povst\u00e1n\u00ed galsk\u00e9ho kmene Aquitan\u016f a od dob Caesarov\u00fdch byl prvn\u00edm \u0159\u00edmsk\u00fdm gener\u00e1lem, kter\u00fd pronikl od Germ\u00e1nie. Zde p\u0159im\u011bl kmen Ubi\u016f, aby br\u00e1nil hranice \u0159\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159ed jin\u00fdmi germ\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi kmeny z vnitrozem\u00ed. Za tento \u00fasp\u011bch n\u00e1le\u017eel Agrippovi triumf, ale ten odm\u00edtl. Sen\u00e1t alespo\u0148 mlad\u00e9ho gener\u00e1la zvolil konzulem a pov\u011b\u0159il ho potla\u010den\u00edm odboje Sexta Pomepia. Agrippa nejprve musel vybudovat p\u0159\u00edstav, nechat postavit lo\u010fstvo, vycvi\u010dit pos\u00e1dky a a\u017e pot\u00e9 vyrazit proti nep\u0159\u00edteli, kter\u00fd ovl\u00e1dal mo\u0159e sm\u011brem na z\u00e1pad. V n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bitv\u011b u Naulochu porazil Sexta Pompeia v roce 35 p\u0159. n. l. Tak se krom\u011b gener\u00e1la stal mlad\u00fd vojev\u016fdce i admir\u00e1lem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pot\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b v letech 35-34 p\u0159. n. l. Agrippa musel v\u00e1l\u010dit proti vzpurn\u00fdm alpsk\u00fdm kmen\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Od mu\u017ee v pozad\u00ed k prvn\u00edmu gener\u00e1lovi \u0158\u00edma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zcela nep\u0159ekvapiv\u011b po eliminaci spole\u010dn\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00e1tel se rozpadlo i spojenectv\u00ed Octaviana a Marka Antonia. Po odsunut\u00ed Marka Antonia do Egypta nervalo dlouho a do\u0161lo ke kone\u010dn\u00e9 konfrontaci. Ve velk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed bitv\u011b u Aktia 2. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 31 p\u0159. n. l. bylo lo\u010fstvo Marka Antonia a Kleopatry zcela zni\u010deno, oba nyn\u00ed ji\u017e man\u017eel\u00e9, Marcus Antonius i Kleopatra, sp\u00e1chali sebevra\u017edu. U Aktia m\u011bl op\u011bt lv\u00ed pod\u00edl na v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed Agrippa a op\u011bt skromn\u011b st\u00e1l v pozad\u00ed a nechal triumf sv\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edteli.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ve v\u0161ech vojensk\u00fdch akc\u00edch sice navenek Octavianus vystupoval jako vrchn\u00ed velitel, ale ve skute\u010dnosti bitvy \u0159\u00eddil mlad\u00fd Agrippa. Octavianus byl tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, Agrippa mozkem. Mlad\u00fd vojev\u016fdce st\u00e1l p\u0159\u00edteli v\u011brn\u011b po boku, a\u010d v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 vav\u0159\u00edny skl\u00edzel Octavianus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cca roku 27 p\u0159. n. l. se v d\u016fsledku intrik dal\u0161\u00edho Octavi\u00e1nova obl\u00edbence, Marcella, c\u00edsa\u0159 pos\u00edl\u00e1 sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edtele do „\u010destn\u00e9ho vyhnanstv\u00ed“ do v\u00fdchodn\u00edch provinci\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mu ov\u0161em sv\u011b\u0159il do spr\u00e1vy. Kdy\u017e Marcellus zem\u0159el, povol\u00e1v\u00e1 Octavianus Agrippu v roce 23 na Sic\u00edlii a v roce 21 p\u0159. n. l. do \u0158\u00edma. Od t\u00e9 doby byl druh\u00fdm mu\u017eem \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a prakticky i Augustov\u00fdm n\u00e1stupcem. Svoji p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 demonstruje Octavianus t\u00edm, \u017ee Agrippovi d\u00e1 za \u017eenu vlastn\u00ed dceru Julii (vdovu po Marcellovi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Roku 20 p\u0159. n. l. porazil odbojn\u00e9 Galy a op\u011bt \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b bojoval s Germ\u00e1ny, pot\u00e9 odrazil nebezpe\u010dnou vzpouru hisp\u00e1nsk\u00fdch Cantabr\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agrippa v letech 17 – 13 p\u0159. n. l. uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1val pom\u011bry v Asii a potla\u010dil dal\u0161\u00ed vzpouru v Panonii. Po n\u00e1vratu z t\u00e9to v\u00fdpravy v\u0161ak n\u00e1hle zem\u0159el ve v\u011bku 51 let (tedy v roce 12 p\u0159ed n.l.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stavitel a mecen\u00e1\u0161<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Agrippa byl nejen gener\u00e1lam a admir\u00e1lem c\u00edsa\u0159e, ale \u0161t\u011bdr\u00fdm podporovatelem a mecen\u00e1\u0161em mnoha staveb. Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je Panteon, d\u00e1le Septa Iulia, Neptunova bazilika nebo Agrippovy l\u00e1zn\u011b. Opravil mnoho vodovod\u016f, z nich\u017e nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je Appi\u016fv vodovod. Zalo\u017eil tak\u00e9 Iuli\u016fv vodovod a vodn\u00ed stavbu Aqua virgo. Agrippovi tak\u00e9 vd\u011b\u010d\u00edme za podn\u011bt k tvorb\u011b relativn\u011b p\u0159esn\u00e9 mapy sv\u011bta, z n\u00ed\u017e \u010derpala v\u011bt\u0161ina pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bpisc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Agrippa po sob\u011b zanechal \u017eivotopis o nejm\u00e9n\u011b dvou knih\u00e1ch a spis o vodovodech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Agrippa byl p\u0159\u00edbuzensky sv\u00e1z\u00e1n se v\u0161emi c\u00edsa\u0159i julsko-claudijsk\u00e9 dynastie. Byl tch\u00e1nem druh\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e Tiberia, kter\u00fd se ve sv\u00e9m prvn\u00edm man\u017eelstv\u00ed o\u017eenil s Vipsani\u00ed Agrippinou (dcera z Agrippova druh\u00e9ho man\u017eelstv\u00ed). Posledn\u00ed \u2013 t\u0159et\u00ed \u017eenou Agrippy byla jedin\u00e1 dcera C\u00edsa\u0159e Augusta \u2013 Julie star\u0161\u00ed, s n\u00ed\u017e m\u011bl 6 d\u011bt\u00ed. Byl d\u011bde\u010dkem t\u0159et\u00edho c\u00edsa\u0159e Caliguly (Caligula byl syn Agrippiny star\u0161\u00ed, dcery Agrippy a Julie). \u010ctvrt\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Claudius si vzal Agrippinu mlad\u0161\u00ed (dcera Agrippiny star\u0161\u00ed) a byl tak\u00e9 prad\u011bde\u010dkem p\u00e1t\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e Nerona (Nero byl syn Agrippiny mlad\u0161\u00ed, nevlastn\u00ed syn Claudia).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu\u017e v pozad\u00ed… a v seri\u00e1lu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u017divot a osud tohoto v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9ho mu\u017ee, kter\u00fd je opom\u00edjen v hodin\u00e1ch d\u011bjepisu, je trochu zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn v \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m seri\u00e1lu televize HBO \u0158\u00edm<\/a>. Zachovala se busta Marca Vipsania Agrippy, kterou m\u016f\u017eete vid\u011bt zde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"
Busta Marca Vipsania Agrippy<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Auto\u0159i seri\u00e1lu vybrali p\u0159edstavitele role gener\u00e1la Agrippy docela dob\u0159e a tak\u00e9 celkem v\u011brn\u011b vypodobnili jeho vztah k p\u0159\u00edteli Octavi\u00e1novi. To k dal\u0161\u00edmu c\u00edsa\u0159ovu p\u0159\u00edteli, kter\u00fdm byl Gaius Cilnius Maecenas<\/a>, se sc\u00e9n\u00e1rist\u00e9 zachovali h\u016f\u0159, ud\u011blali z n\u011bj intrik\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho „hajzl\u00edka“.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zdroje:
Antick\u00fd sv\u011bt – Agrippa
https:\/\/www.antickysvet.cz\/26019n-agrippa<\/a>

Wikipedia – Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa
https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z d\u011bjepisu obvykle zn\u00e1me ty „prvn\u00ed mu\u017ee“. T\u00edm v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byl Octavianus Augustus (63 p\u0159. n. l. – 14 n. l.), prvn\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159 \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Adoptivn\u00ed syn velk\u00e9ho Julia Caesara. Asi d\u00edky milostn\u00e9 af\u00e9\u0159e Caesara s kr\u00e1snou Kleopatrou budeme zn\u00e1t druh\u00e9ho mu\u017ee jak Caesara, tak i Kleopatry, Marka Antonia. Ov\u0161em i mlad\u00fd c\u00edsa\u0159 Octavi\u00e1nus… Pokra\u010dovat ve\u00a0\u010dten\u00ed Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa – mu\u017e v pozad\u00ed<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-historie","entry"],"yoast_head":"\nMarcus Vipsanius Agrippa - mu\u017e v pozad\u00ed - Blog pro zvan\u00e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa - mu\u017e v pozad\u00ed - Blog pro zvan\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Z d\u011bjepisu obvykle zn\u00e1me ty „prvn\u00ed mu\u017ee“. T\u00edm v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byl Octavianus Augustus (63 p\u0159. n. l. – 14 n. l.), prvn\u00ed c\u00edsa\u0159 \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Adoptivn\u00ed syn velk\u00e9ho Julia Caesara. Asi d\u00edky milostn\u00e9 af\u00e9\u0159e Caesara s kr\u00e1snou Kleopatrou budeme zn\u00e1t druh\u00e9ho mu\u017ee jak Caesara, tak i Kleopatry, Marka Antonia. 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